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newcomb ball
Newcomb ball (also known simply as Newcomb, and sometimes spelled Newcombe (ball))〔As the game is named after Sophie Newcomb College, its name has been typically capitalized.〕 is a ball game played as a variation of volleyball.
Invented in 1895 by Clara Gregory Baer, a physical education instructor at Sophie Newcomb College, Tulane University in New Orleans, it rivaled volleyball in popularity and participation in the 1920s.〔Dale A. Somers, ''The Rise of Sport in New Orleans'', 1850-1900 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972),〕 The game is significant because it was invented by a woman and became the second team sport to be played by women in the United States, after basketball.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Paul, Joan, ''A Lost Sport: Clara Gregory Baer and Newcomb Ball'', Journal of Sport History, Vol. 23, No. 2 (Summer 1996) )〕 In an article in the Journal of Sport in 1996, Joan Paul speculates that Newcomb ball may have been an influence in the development of volleyball.〔
==Early development==
Baer invented the game of Newcomb as the result of an effort "to place before her students a game that could be easily arranged, could include any number of students, could be played in any designated time and in any available space".〔(Baer, Clara G. ''The Game of "Newcomb"'', Volume III, November 1910, Number 1 ), access date 23 January 2007〕 The game was first publicised in an article by Baer in the ''Posse Gymnasium Journal'', where the name "Newcomb" was first coined. A more detailed paper was later prepared for the American Physical Education Association, which was received with "hearty approval".〔 Baer first officially published a description of the game in 1895, together with the first book of rules for women's basketball.
Originally, Newcomb ball involved two teams placed facing each other in a small gymnasium, the object being for one team to "throw the ball into the other team’s area with such direction and force that it caused the ball to hit the floor without being caught."〔 This was called a “touch-down” and scored a point for the throwing team.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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